Eur3ka's Studio

Devvortex is an easy-difficulty Linux machine that features a Joomla CMS that is vulnerable to information disclosure. Accessing the service’s configuration file reveals plaintext credentials that lead to Administrative access to the Joomla instance. With administrative access, the Joomla template is modified to include malicious PHP code and gain a shell. After gaining a shell and enumerating the database contents, hashed credentials are obtained, which are cracked and lead to SSH access to the machine. Post-exploitation enumeration reveals that the user is allowed to run apport-cli as root, which is leveraged to obtain a root shell.

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GoodGames is an Easy linux machine that showcases the importance of sanitising user inputs in web applications to prevent SQL injection attacks, using strong hashing algorithms in database structures to prevent the extraction and cracking of passwords from a compromised database, along with the dangers of password re-use. It also highlights the dangers of using render_template_string in a Python web application where user input is reflected, allowing Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) attacks. Privilege escalation involves docker hosts enumeration and shows how having admin privileges in a container and a low privilege user on the host machine can be dangerous, allowing attackers to escalate privileges to compromise the system.