Driver is an easy Windows machine that focuses on printer exploitation. Enumeration of the machine reveals that a web server is listening on port 80, along with SMB on port 445 and WinRM on port 5985. Navigation to the website reveals that it’s protected using basic HTTP authentication.
Precious is an Easy Difficulty Linux machine, that focuses on the Ruby language. It hosts a custom Ruby web application, using an outdated library, namely pdfkit, which is vulnerable to CVE-2022-25765, leading to an initial shell on the target machine. After a pivot using plaintext credentials that are found in a Gem repository config file, the box concludes with an insecure deserialization attack on a custom, outdated, Ruby script.
Writeup is an easy difficulty Linux box with DoS protection in place to prevent brute forcing. A CMS susceptible to a SQL injection vulnerability is found, which is leveraged to gain user credentials. The user is found to be in a non-default group, which has write access to part of the PATH. A path hijacking results in escalation of privileges to root.
Paper is an easy Linux machine that features an Apache server on ports 80 and 443, which are serving the HTTP and HTTPS versions of a website respectively. The website on port 80 returns a default server webpage but the HTTP response header reveals a hidden domain. This hidden domain is running a WordPress blog, whose version is vulnerable to [CVE-2019-17671]
Devvortex is an easy-difficulty Linux machine that features a Joomla CMS that is vulnerable to information disclosure. Accessing the service’s configuration file reveals plaintext credentials that lead to Administrative access to the Joomla instance. With administrative access, the Joomla template is modified to include malicious PHP code and gain a shell. After gaining a shell and enumerating the database contents, hashed credentials are obtained, which are cracked and lead to SSH access to the machine. Post-exploitation enumeration reveals that the user is allowed to run apport-cli as root, which is leveraged to obtain a root shell.
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GoodGames is an Easy linux machine that showcases the importance of sanitising user inputs in web applications to prevent SQL injection attacks, using strong hashing algorithms in database structures to prevent the extraction and cracking of passwords from a compromised database, along with the dangers of password re-use. It also highlights the dangers of using render_template_string in a Python web application where user input is reflected, allowing Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) attacks. Privilege escalation involves docker hosts enumeration and shows how having admin privileges in a container and a low privilege user on the host machine can be dangerous, allowing attackers to escalate privileges to compromise the system.